Yes, Damascus steel can rust if not properly cared for and maintained. While Damascus steel blades often have a visually appealing pattern and may contain stainless steel layers, it's important to note that not all Damascus steel is made with stainless steel alloys. The presence of carbon steel layers or other non-stainless steel alloys in the Damascus construction can make the blade susceptible to corrosion if exposed to moisture or humidity.

To prevent rust and corrosion on a Damascus steel blade, it's essential to take appropriate care and maintenance measures, such as:

1. Cleaning: After each use, clean the blade with mild soap and warm water, ensuring all traces of debris, moisture, or acidic substances are removed. Avoid harsh detergents or abrasive cleaners that can damage the blade's surface.
2. Drying: Thoroughly dry the blade after cleaning to remove all moisture. Moisture left on the blade can contribute to the development of rust.
3. Oiling: Applying a thin coat of food-safe mineral oil or blade oil to the blade's surface can help protect against rust and corrosion. The oil forms a protective barrier between the steel and moisture, reducing the risk of oxidation.
4. Storage: Store the Damascus steel blade in a dry environment away from excessive humidity or moisture. Consider using a blade sheath or knife block that provides adequate protection and ventilation.
5. Regular Maintenance: Regularly inspect the blade for any signs of rust or corrosion. If any spots or discoloration are noticed, take immediate action to remove the rust using appropriate rust removal techniques and then apply a protective oil layer.

It's important to note that proper care and maintenance are necessary for all types of steel blades, not just Damascus steel. By following these care guidelines, you can help minimize the risk of rust and extend the lifespan of your Damascus steel blade.