Nakago: The Hidden Treasure Within The Legendary Samurai Sword

The Samurai sword, also known as the Katana, has captivated enthusiasts, historians, and martial artists alike for centuries. Its exceptional craftsmanship, deadly efficiency, and aesthetic appeal have made it a symbol of Japanese culture and a sought-after artifact for collectors worldwide. To truly appreciate the Samurai sword's beauty and significance, one must delve into its individual components, each of which holds its own unique story. In this blog, we will explore the Nakago, an often-overlooked but crucial element of the legendary Samurai sword.

The Nakago: A Closer Look

The Nakago is the tang of the Samurai sword, the hidden portion of the blade that extends into the handle (tsuka). It is responsible for securing the blade to the handle and providing balance and stability during use. The Nakago is typically rectangular, tapering towards the end, and is made from the same steel as the blade itself.

The history and development of the Nakago

The Nakago has evolved over time, much like the Samurai sword as a whole. Early Japanese swords, known as chokuto, featured a straight, single-edged blade with a simple Nakago design. As swordsmithing techniques improved and the curved blade emerged, the Nakago's design also evolved to accommodate the new sword structure.

Throughout the centuries, the Nakago's shape and dimensions have been modified to suit the changing demands of warfare, aesthetics, and sword construction. For example, during the Kamakura period (1185-1333), the Nakago's length was often shortened to improve the sword's balance and handling, resulting in a more efficient and deadly weapon.

Materials and construction techniques used in making Nakago

The Nakago is forged from the same high-quality steel as the blade, known as tamahagane. During the forging process, the swordsmith would fold and hammer the steel repeatedly to remove impurities and create a homogenous, strong material. The Nakago is then shaped and refined, with careful attention paid to its dimensions and proportions to ensure a secure fit within the handle.

The Art of Signature and Date Inscriptions

A. Significance of inscriptions on Nakago

Inscriptions, or mei, found on the Nakago are of great importance to collectors, historians, and enthusiasts. These inscriptions may include the swordsmith's name, date of creation, and sometimes even the name of the person who commissioned the sword. Inscriptions provide valuable information about the sword's origins, history, and authenticity.

B. Common inscription styles and their meanings

There are several common styles of inscriptions on Samurai sword Nakago. Some of the most prevalent ones include:

1. Katana-mei: The swordsmith's name is inscribed on the side of the Nakago facing away from the wearer. This style is typical for swords from the Kamakura period and later.
2. Tachi-mei: The swordsmith's name is inscribed on the side of the Nakago facing the wearer. This style is characteristic of earlier swords, such as tachi and kogarasu-maru.
3. Hira-mei: The inscriptions are done in a flat, horizontal manner, usually reserved for swords of high-ranking Samurai or those with exceptional craftsmanship.
4. Tachi-uchi-mei: The inscription is placed closer to the handle, often seen on swords from the Muromachi period (1336-1573).

C. How to read and interpret inscriptions for authenticity

Reading and interpreting inscriptions on a Nakago can be challenging, especially if you are not familiar with Japanese characters and sword smithing terminology. However, there are some general guidelines to help you understand these inscriptions:

1. Familiarize yourself with the kanji (Japanese characters) used in swordsmith names and the era in which they worked.
2. Look for inconsistencies in the inscription style, which may indicate a forgery or later addition.
3. Compare the inscription to known examples of the swordsmith's work to determine authenticity.

Seeking the expertise of a knowledgeable appraiser or historian can be invaluable in accurately interpreting and verifying inscriptions on a Samurai sword's Nakago.

The Connection between Nakago and Swordsmiths

1. The Nakago is an excellent indicator of a swordsmith's skill, as it reflects their attention to detail and craftsmanship. A well-made Nakago will have smooth, even surfaces, and the inscription will be clean and precise. Additionally, the shape and dimensions of the Nakago can reveal the swordsmith's personal style and regional influences.
2. When appraising a Samurai sword, the Nakago is a critical element to consider. An authentic and well-preserved Nakago can significantly increase the sword's value, while a damaged or altered Nakago may indicate past repairs or questionable authenticity. The Nakago's condition and inscriptions can also provide clues to the sword's history and ownership.
3. Some renowned swordsmiths are known for their unique Nakago designs, which have become their signature style. For example, Masamune, a legendary swordsmith from the Kamakura period, is known for his distinctive "sujikai-yasurime" (diagonal filing marks) on the Nakago. Similarly, Muramasa, a famous swordsmith from the Muromachi period, often featured "kesho-yasurime" (decorative filing marks) on his Nakago.

Preserving and Maintaining the Nakago

To preserve the historical value and authenticity of a Samurai sword, it is essential to care for the Nakago properly. This includes handling the sword with clean hands, avoiding direct contact with the Nakago, and ensuring it remains free from dirt, moisture, and corrosion. There are some tips for cleaning and preserving the Nakago:

• Use a soft cloth or chamois to gently wipe away any surface dirt or fingerprints.
• Apply a thin layer of uchiko (a fine powder made from ground whetstone) to the Nakago using a soft cloth to absorb any remaining moisture or oils.
• Periodically remove the tsuka (handle) to inspect the Nakago for signs of corrosion or damage, and address any issues promptly.
• Store the sword in a climate-controlled environment with low humidity to prevent rust and corrosion.

The Nakago, though hidden from sight, is an essential component of the Samurai sword, embodying the swordsmith's skill and the weapon's unique history. By exploring and appreciating the hidden treasures of the Samurai sword, we gain a deeper understanding of the dedication, artistry, and cultural significance that these remarkable weapons represent. So, the next time you come across a Samurai sword, remember to pay homage to the Nakago, the hidden treasure within.